Energy, sleep and healthy-aging research
Published human evidence context
FDA found no human study establishing effectiveness for insomnia or another proposed clinical use. A small sublingual biomarker study did not establish a patient benefit, and FDA found no adequate human safety data.
Limits and source
Clinical pharmacology, effectiveness, long-term safety, reproducibility, and the relevance of biomarker or animal findings are unresolved. Absence of adequate trials is not evidence of either benefit or no biological activity.